Self-Reported ADHD Among Portuguese Medical Residents: Medication Use, Psychiatric Comorbidities, and Perceived Professional Impact

BackgroundADHD is increasingly recognised in medical trainees, yet data from Portuguese residency programmes are lacking. ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the proportion of self-reported diagnosed or suspected ADHD among Portuguese medical residents, characterise medication use patterns, identify psychiatric comorbidities, and evaluate perceived professional impact. Methods Cross-sectional, observational study based on an anonymous online questionnaire distributed to medical residents across multiple Portuguese training centres between March and June 2026 (n = 225). ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Portuguese version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale version 1.1 (ASRS-v1.1). ResultsA total of 225 residents completed the questionnaire.Diagnosed or suspected ADHD was self-reported by 37.3% (n = 84) of participants.Among this group, 66.7% (n = 56) reported that ADHD was first identified after commencing residency, and 56.0%(n = 47) reported no formal evaluation.Medication use was reported by 25.8% (n = 58).Among medication users, 32.8% (19/58) reported obtaining medication from a colleague or friend, through self-prescription, or without a formal prescription.Psychiatric comorbidities were significantly more prevalent in the self-reported ADHD group than in participants not reporting ADHD (61/84, 72.6% vs 69/141, 48.9%; p < 0.001).Professional impact was perceived as negative by 83.3% (n = 70) of this group. ConclusionsPortuguese medical residents reported high rates of diagnosed or suspected ADHD, frequent medication use outside conventional prescribing pathways, and substantial perceived professional impairment.These findings highlight the need for structured diagnostic pathways and institutional support within residency training programmes.