Factors Associated with Emergency Department Revisit and Urologic Intervention Following Discharge of Renal Colic Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Military Hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain

BackgroundRenal colic is one of the most frequent urologic presentations to the emergency department (ED).While most patients can be safely discharged with symptomatic management, a subset return to the ED or require urologic intervention within 14 days.Identifying factors associated with these outcomes is essential for informed disposition planning. ObjectivesThe objectives of the study are to determine 14-day ED revisit and urologic intervention rates among discharged renal colic patients and to identify independent clinical and imaging predictors of each outcome. MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥14 years discharged with renal colic from the Royal Medical Services (RMS) Military Hospital ED, Bahrain, in 2025.Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and CT imaging data were extracted.Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. ResultsIn this study, 609 patients were included (mean age 42.5±12.7 years; 71.4% men).The 14-day ED revisit rate was 18.4% (n=112) and the urologic intervention rate was 14.1% (n=86).Independent predictors of ED revisit were male sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-3.01),previous stone history (aOR 1.88; 95% CI 1.22-2.89),and opioid use at index visit (aOR 2.11; 95% CI 1.31-3.40).Stone size ≥5-7 mm and presence of obstruction independently predicted urologic intervention.Pain severity was not a predictor of either outcome. ConclusionOpioid use, prior stone history, and male sex predict ED revisit; stone size and obstruction predict urologic intervention.These findings support risk stratification and discharge planning for renal colic patients.