Mathematical Model for the Study of Human Papillomavirus Infection Towards Cervical Cancer Treatments with Clinical Intervention

This study develops an extended deterministic compartmental model for HPV transmission and cervical cancer progression by incorporating vaccination, severe cervical cancer, hospitalization, and clinical treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The model describes transmission between female and male populations and the progression of HPV infection through precancerous and cancerous stages to treatment and recovery. The disease-free and endemic equilibria are derived, and the basic reproduction number is obtained using the next-generation matrix approach. Local stability of the disease-free equilibrium is established in terms of the reproduction number, while the endemic equilibrium is investigated using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion and eigenvalue analysis. For the parameter set considered, the stability analysis further indicates that the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable. Numerical simulations are performed in MATLAB using parameter values obtained from the literature and assumed clinical-intervention rates. The results show that vaccination reduces HPV infection, while the combined implementation of vaccination, hospitalization, and treatment produces a greater reduction in infection, cancer progression and increases recovery.