Double-Balloon Catheter Treatment of Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Introduction. Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy. It results from implantation of the gestational sac within a previous cesarean section scar. Early diagnosis and treatment of CSEP are essential to prevent severe complications, including massive haemorrhage and maternal morbidity. Aim. This review aims to summarise the available evidence on minimally invasive double-balloon catheter treatment for CSEP, focusing on its efficacy, safety, and associated complications. Relevant studies were identified through PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on double-balloon catheter treatment for cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. State of knowledge. Despite the availability of multiple treatment options, the optimal management strategy remains uncertain, and the double-balloon catheter therapy has recently emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach. The procedure is generally well tolerated by patients. Recent studies have reported favourable outcomes with double-balloon catheter treatment for CSEP, either as monotherapy or in combination with other minimally invasive procedures. Conclusions. Double-balloon catheter treatment appears to be a promising minimally invasive option for selected patients with CSEP, with high reported success rates and a low incidence of major complications. Current evidence does not support a clear benefit of combining this technique with additional therapeutic modalities. Larger prospective studies are needed to establish standardised management protocols.