The World Journal of Men's Health
Impact of Varicocele on Reproductive Hormones in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
By Imad Ziouziou, Ayad Palani, Ahmad Tarek Motawi and 15 others.
Abstract
Purpose
The impact of varicocele on testicular function remains debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated its effects on reproductive hormones, testicular volume, and semen parameters. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus for studies published up to January 2025, following the PECO model: Population–adult men; Exposure–varicocele; Comparator–men without varicocele; Outcomes– reproductive hormone levels, testicular volume, and semen quality.