Abstract / Summary
Annual improvements in performance among adolescent sprinters reflect the combined effects of training adaptation, biological maturation, technical changes, and measurement conditions. This article aims to develop a literature-based framework for annual analysis that enables these factors to be considered together when interpreting performance changes. The critical narrative review compared longitudinal observations of young sprinters, seasonal biomechanical studies, and methodological work on measurement reliability in sport. The principal analysis concerns adolescent preparation for the 100 m and 200 m events; findings on 60 m performance were considered supporting evidence. The literature indicates that sprint times, step mechanics, and strength measures do not change at the same rate. The framework integrates multidimensional recording of training load, standardized sprint tests, individual developmental trajectories, and evaluation of changes relative to measurement error for annual monitoring. The proposed framework is an evidence-informed analytical protocol, rather than a prescribed training dose or an experimentally validated new method. The central conclusion is that annual training effectiveness should be assessed through repeated measurements of performance and its mechanical components in the context of growth, rather than through a single personal-best performance.