Uremic retinopathy complicated by peripapillary serous retinal detachment in a patient with end-stage renal disease: The role of systemic factors and the importance of multidisciplinary management

Uremic retinopathy is a rare but clinically significant ocular manifestation of chronic kidney disease, reflecting systemic microvascular injury. It is frequently associated with systemic conditions such as hypertension and anemia, which may aggravate retinal damage. We report the case of a 27-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis who presented with preserved visual acuity but abnormal fundus findings, including retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and peripapillary serous retinal detachment detected by optical coherence tomography. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated blood urea levels, severe normocytic normochromic anemia with a hemoglobin level of 6.3 g/dL, and poorly controlled arterial hypertension. This case highlights the possible interaction between uremia, anemia, and hypertension in the pathophysiology of retinal lesions. It also emphasizes the importance of systemic treatment and close collaboration between nephrologists and ophthalmologists.