Abstract / Summary
Nakh Sharir is an important component of Ayurvedic anatomy that deals with the anatomical, structural, and physiological aspects of the nails. In Ayurveda, Nakha is described as a Mala (waste product) of Asthi Dhatu and is considered an important structure for assessing the health and nutritional status of an individual. Classical Ayurvedic texts provide descriptions of Nakha, its characteristics, and various pathological conditions collectively referred to as Nakh Vyadhi. These descriptions can be correlated with several nail disorders recognized in modern medicine. The present review aims to explore the concept of Nakh Sharir described in classical Ayurvedic literature and correlate it with contemporary anatomical and clinical knowledge. Modern understanding considers the nail unit to comprise the nail plate, nail bed, nail matrix, nail folds, and surrounding tissues, with the nail serving important protective and functional roles. Various nail abnormalities, including changes in colour, shape, texture, thickness, and growth, may be associated with local nail diseases or systemic disorders. Conditions such as onychomycosis, onycholysis, leukonychia, koilonychia, clubbing, paronychia, and nail dystrophies can be studied in relation to the clinical descriptions of Nakh Vyadhi. A systematic review of Ayurvedic classical references and relevant modern literature can help establish similarities and differences between the two perspectives. Understanding Nakh Sharir through both Ayurvedic and modern approaches may provide a comprehensive view of nail anatomy, physiology, and pathology and may contribute to improved clinical assessment and interpretation of nail changes.