Dyslipidemia: The role of hereditary and secondary factors

The review analyzes current evidence on the role of hereditary and secondary factors in the development of dyslipidemia. Publications were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar for 2021–2025. The epidemiology of dyslipidemia in different populations, the D.S. Fredrickson classification, the genetic basis of familial chylomicronemia syndrome and familial hypercholesterolemia, as well as the features of lipid metabolism disorders in hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, liver diseases and drug exposure are discussed. Familial dyslipidemias, despite their low prevalence, have a high atherogenic potential and require combined lipid-lowering therapy, whereas secondary dyslipidemias are far more common, and their correction should be combined with treatment of the underlying disease or withdrawal of the causative drug. Timely identification of the etiological factor of dyslipidemia allows personalized prevention of cardiovascular diseases.