Evaluation of anti-urolithiatic potential of pongamia pinnata (l.) leaf extraction: An in vitro study

Urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stone disease, is a prevalent urinary tract disorder characterized by the formation and accumulation of mineral crystals within the urinary system. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-urolithiatic potential of Pongamia pinnata (L.) leaves using an in vitro model. The leaves were subjected to maceration extraction using ethanol, and the obtained extract was evaluated for its phytochemical constituents. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phytosterols and triterpenoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, and fixed oils and fats. For the evaluation of anti-urolithiatic activity, experimental calcium oxalate stones were prepared by homogeneous precipitation. The dissolution potential of the plant extract was assessed using a semi-permeable egg membrane model, followed by titrimetric estimation of the remaining calcium oxalate using potassium permanganate. The phytochemical constituents present in the extract may contribute to its potential Urolithiatic activity. The findings of this study suggest that Pongamia pinnata leaf extract possesses promising anti-urolithiatic potential and may serve as a basis for further investigation into its role in the prevention and management of urinary stone formation.