Giant Mucinous Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma (FIGO Stage IA) in a Postmenopausal Woman: Case Report and Literature Review

Primary MOC is generally believed to develop through a stepwise progression from benign mucinous cystadenoma to borderline mucinous tumor and ultimately to invasive mucinous carcinoma.6 This adenoma-carcinoma sequence introduction Epithelial ovarian cancers represent the most lethal gynecologic malignancies, with serous carcinoma being the most frequent subtype.Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) accounts for approximately three to five percent of all ovarian cancers and demonstrates distinct clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics compared with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). 1 Mucinous tumors often present as large unilateral masses and may show rapid growth, leading to late clinical presentation despite early-stage disease.1,2 etiology a n d risk FactorsThe etiology of primary MOC remains incompletely understood.Most cases are considered sporadic, and unlike high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, MOC shows only a weak association with hereditary BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants.Increasing age and postmenopausal status have been associated with a higher incidence of MOC, whereas specific environmental or lifestyle risk factors have not been consistently identified.In addition, distinguishing primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma from metastatic mucinous tumors involving the ovary remains a major diagnostic challenge because of their overlapping clinical, radiological, and pathological features.Therefore, comprehensive clinical, imaging, and histopathological evaluation is essential to establish the correct diagnosis and guide appropriate management.[3][4][5][6]