Baseline and longitudinal determinants of survival in end-stage renal disease: A joint longitudinal–survival analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Evidence remains limited regarding how repeated biomarker measurements influence survival in individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study examined the prognostic role of both baseline biomarker levels and their longitudinal patterns in ESRD patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort included maintenance hemodialysis patients from Shahid Ayatollah Ashrafi Esfahani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, with at least 3 months of dialysis history. Cox regression assessed baseline predictors, while a joint longitudinal–survival model evaluated repeated albumin, hemoglobin, Kt/V, and urea reduction ratio (URR) measurements in relation to survival.