Current Applications of Er:YAG Lasers in Periodontal Therapy: A Review

Aim: To review the current evidence regarding the clinical applications, biological effects, and therapeutic value of the Er:YAG laser as an adjunct in periodontal therapy.Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues.Although scaling and root planing remains the foundation of periodontal treatment, complete debridement is often difficult in deep pockets and anatomically complex sites.Because the Er:YAG laser is highly absorbed by water and hydroxyapatite, it enables precise removal of diseased tissues and deposits while minimizing thermal injury to adjacent structures.Methods: A narrative review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.Experimental studies, randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and relevant case reports evaluating the use of Er:YAG lasers in periodontal therapy were critically assessed.Results: The reviewed evidence indicates that Er:YAG laser therapy facilitates effective root surface debridement, microbial reduction, and removal of inflamed tissues.Clinical investigations have reported improvements in probing depth, clinical attachment level, postoperative healing, and patient comfort.Experimental findings also suggest favorable effects on cellular activities associated with periodontal regeneration.Conclusion: Current evidence supports the use of the Er:YAG laser as a useful adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy.While encouraging clinical and biological outcomes have been reported, further well-designed long-term studies are required before standardized treatment recommendations can be established.