Ethnic and Age-Specific Characteristics of External Respiratory Function in Schoolchildren living in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra

The challenging climatic conditions of the Far North areas and areas equated to them place increased stress on the developing respiratory system of children and adolescents. Studying the respiratory system parameters in schoolchildren of different ethnicities living in the same area reveals unique adaptive mechanisms reflecting the overall physical condition of the body. The purpose of the study is to determine the ethnic and age-specific characteristics of respiratory function in schoolchildren living in rural areas of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra. Materials and methods. The study involved rural residents of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra aged 8–17. A comparative analysis was conducted between groups of indigenous peoples of the North – the Khanty (n = 240) and descendants of migrant populations (n = 239). Computer spirometry was used to evaluate absolute and relative indices of vital capacity, inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes, tidal volume, and maximum ventilation. Results. In the indigenous population (Khanty), absolute vital capacity and maximum ventilation were lower due to smaller anthropometric parameters. However, when adjusted for the body size, their functional capabilities were comparable to and, in some age ranges, exceeded those of the descendants of migrant populations. Ethnic differences in age-related dynamics and lung volume ratios were identified, indicating different adaptive strategies of the respiratory system. Both groups demonstrated a common adaptive response to the cold climate, characterized by a decrease in actual lung volumes relative to predicted values, which may serve as a mechanism for minimizing airway damage and heat loss. The development of respiratory function in schoolchildren living in the North occurs under the combined influence of ethnicity and environmental factors. The findings indicate that the studied schoolchildren may possess specific mechanisms of respiratory system adaptation to northern conditions.