Prognostic Factors Associated with 90-Day Mortality Following Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

AbstractBackground/Objective: Critically ill patients undergoing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) frequently require prolonged ventilatory support and have a high risk of adverse outcomes. This study investigated clinical and laboratory factors associated with 90-day mortality after PDT.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated adults who underwent PDT in a single intensive care unit between January 2021 and December 2025. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory findings, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, and procedure-related variables were recorded. Independent associations with 90-day mortality were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Model discrimination was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis, and survival was examined using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results: Of 275 patients (median age, 74 years; 52.7% male), 204 (74.2%) died within 90 days after tracheostomy. Advanced age (OR 1.022, 95% CI 1.002–1.042; p=0.029), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.495, 95% CI 1.144–1.952; p=0.003), and lower serum albumin level (OR 0.815, 95% CI 0.743–0.893; p