Radiolabelled Antisense miRNA Oligonucleotides for Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Applications

Background/Objectives: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (20–24 nucleotides) that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and are involved in key biological processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. Dysregulation of miRNA expression is associated with numerous diseases, particularly cancer, making them attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precision medicine. Antisense miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs) have emerged as promising agents for selectively inhibiting miRNA activity. This review examines the development of radiolabelled AMOs targeting miRNAs for diagnostic and imaging applications, with particular attention to their radiolabelling, biological performance, delivery strategies, and potential therapeutic extension.