From Readiness Assessment to Co-Design: A Cross-Sectional, Living Lab-Informed Study of Telemedicine Implementation in Albania

Background/Objectives: Telemedicine has substantial potential to improve access and continuity of care, but implementation depends on professional, organizational, technological, and governance readiness. This cross-sectional study examined healthcare professionals’ perceptions of telemedicine implementation in Albania as an exploratory needs-assessment phase informed by Living Lab principles.

Methods

An online survey was completed by 1213 healthcare professionals. The study used a questionnaire developed for this project; its multi-item domains are therefore treated as exploratory rather than established constructs. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Spearman correlations, and multivariable linear and logistic regression were used. Two supplementary open-ended questions were analyzed using content-oriented thematic coding and integrated with the structured survey findings to identify preliminary priorities for later participatory co-design.