Nutrients
Key Components of Prenatal Nutrition Education Interventions to Prevent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
By Min Gao, Yulu Zhang, Zixuan Liu and 5 others.
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the association between key components of prenatal nutrition education interventions and the prevention of GDM in pregnant women.
Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from database inception to 18 January 2026, using search terms including “gestational diabetes mellitus,” “glycemic control,” “pregnancy,” and “nutrition interventions”; only English-language publications were eligible. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing prenatal nutrition education interventions and reporting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence. Of the initial 4961 retrieved records, 29 RCTs fulfilled the selection criteria. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, two reviewers independently performed data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Given expected clinical heterogeneity, pooled risk ratios (RRs) were synthesized via a random-effects model. The primary outcome was GDM incidence, expressed as a pooled RR comparing nutrition education intervention groups with control groups.
