Midterm Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Transarticular Trephonic Plasty-Assisted Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Single-Level Lumbar Degenerative Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: To evaluate midterm clinical, radiographic, and safety outcomes after transarticular trephonic plasty (TTP)-assisted percutaneous endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (PE-LIF) for lumbar degenerative disease.

Methods

This retrospective single-center cohort included 130 patients with complete clinical and imaging assessments and at least 24 months of follow-up. Clinical outcomes included back and leg pain visual analog scales, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) component scores, and modified MacNab outcomes. Radiographic measurements and computed tomography-based Bridwell fusion grades were assessed. Linear mixed-effects models included categorical visits, a patient-specific random intercept, and adjustment for final follow-up duration; multiple comparisons used Holm correction.