Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma in Graves’ Orbitopathy: A Single-Center Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Background/Objectives: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a recognized risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy, but the extent to which it translates into measurable structural and functional damage remains unclear. This study investigated structural and functional correlations in patients with GO stratified by IOP and glaucoma status.

Methods

In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 165 adult patients with GO were stratified into three groups of 55 each: normal IOP, ocular hypertension, and clinically diagnosed glaucoma. All patients underwent clinical examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and, where available, standard automated perimetry. Structural and functional parameters were compared across all three groups, with post-hoc pairwise testing. Multivariable logistic regression (clinical and combined models, adjusted for smoking and diabetes mellitus, restricted to the ocular hypertension and glaucoma groups) was used to identify factors independently associated with glaucoma status, with model discrimination assessed by optimism-corrected receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.