Journal of Clinical Medicine
Pre-Implant Substrate, Peri-Implant Electrical Features, and Outcomes Across Four Echocardiographic Phenotypes After CRT-D
By Vasileios Cheilas, Άννα Κωστοπούλου, Giorgos Filandrianos and 10 others.
Abstract
Background
Reverse remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator backup (CRT-D) is heterogeneous and may reflect both pre-implant substrate and post-implant electrical response, with implications for subsequent outcomes.
Objectives
This study evaluated a graded echocardiographic response framework after CRT-D as an integrative phenotype linking pre-implant substrate, peri-implant electrical features, and post-landmark clinical outcomes.
