Divergent Cardiovascular Disease Burden in Hungary and Iraq: A Comparative Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Estimates

Background/objective

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of death in Hungary and Iraq, which differ markedly in demographic structure, socioeconomic context, and health-system capacity. This study compared annual age-standardized cardiovascular mortality and incidence in Hungary and Iraq from 1990 to 2023 and examined selected risk-attributable cardiovascular mortality trajectories.