Oxytocin Signalling in Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) associated with benign prostatic disease and overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) substantially impair quality of life. This narrative review evaluates oxytocin receptor (OXTR) localisation, signalling, and contractile responses in prostate and bladder tissue, with anatomical and pharmacological context restricted to interpretation of these findings. Experimental receptor expression and antagonist responses provide mechanistic plausibility, but species differences, vasopressin receptor cross-reactivity, and inconsistent human tissue responses limit translation. Preclinical effects on tissue contractility and reproductive endpoints are distinguished from clinical urinary outcomes. OXTR antagonism remains investigational for LUTSs and OAB; clinical efficacy and safety require validation. Proposed artificial intelligence applications are limited to experimental receptor localisation, contraction analysis, and phenotyping.