PAI-1, MTHFR, and FVL Thrombophilic Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Fetal Growth Restriction: A Case–Control Study from a Tertiary Care Center

Background/Objectives: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the main causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and in most cases the mechanism is placental dysfunction of vascular origin. Hereditary thrombophilias have been evaluated as factors that favor maternal vascular malperfusion, but the data in the literature remain contradictory. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between the PAI-1 4G/5G, MTHFR C677T and factor V Leiden G1691A polymorphisms and fetal growth restriction, as well as to analyze the dose–effect relationship between the number of thrombophilic variants and the severity of restriction.