Family physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding complementary and alternative medicine in Saudi Arabia: an exploratory cross-sectional study

IntroductionThe use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing worldwide, driven by cultural, religious, and socioeconomic factors, as well as its holistic approach to health. While previous Saudi and regional studies have explored healthcare professionals’ views on CAM, recent data on family physicians in Saudi Arabia are limited. This exploratory study examines their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CAM.MethodsAn exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted among family physicians in Saudi Arabia using an interviewer-administered questionnaire from 1 August 2025 to 31 January 2026. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, with associations between categorical variables assessed using the chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and statistical significance set at p < 0.05ResultsOf the 62 family physicians surveyed in Saudi Arabia, 58.1% were aged 36–45 years, and the gender distribution was equal. The majority (66.1%) held consultant positions, 40.3% had 5–10 years of experience, and only 32.3% had received formal training in CAM. Overall, knowledge of CAM was moderate. A total of 75.8% supported the integration of CAM into conventional care, while 46.8% expressed uncertainty about the existence of clear national guidelines. Attitudes toward CAM were predominantly positive: 79% supported evidence-based integration, 82.2% endorsed the inclusion of CAM education in undergraduate curricula, and 64.5% agreed that physicians knowledgeable in CAM benefit patients. However, 51.6% perceived CAM as a potential public health concern. In clinical practice, 79% recommended CAM, with meditation (64.5%), herbal supplements (59.7%), spiritual healing (58.1%), and cupping (53.2%) being the most frequently used modalities. Higher levels of CAM knowledge were significantly associated with recommending CAM to a greater proportion of patients (p = 0.012).ConclusionFamily physicians exhibited moderate knowledge of CAM, generally positive attitudes toward evidence-based integration, and selective clinical practices that favored culturally familiar CAM therapies. Additional research and targeted educational initiatives are required to enhance evidence-based CAM practice.