Psychologists’ knowledge, attitudes, and training experiences regarding mental illness in individuals with intellectual disabilities in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Introduction Intellectual disability (ID) impacts an estimated 1-3% of the population worldwide, with a higher incidence in regions with limited healthcare access. In Saudi Arabia, current prevalence data, especially for adults, are scarce. This cross-sectional study explores the systemic challenges psychologists perceived in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Methods A standardized Arabic-language questionnaire was distributed to 144 licensed psychologists in Saudi Arabia to collect data on professional backgrounds, educational history, work experience, attitudes, and knowledge. Results Data were analyzed using factorial ANOVA and Spearman’s correlation tests. The analysis revealed that years of professional experience significantly influenced attitudes (F = 5.024, p =.008, partial η² =.073), while training experience had a pronounced effect on knowledge of mental comorbidities in ID (F = 75.83, p <.001, partial η² =.367). A strong correlation was identified between training experience and knowledge (ρ =.811, p <.001), whereas no significant correlation was found for attitudes.