Abstract / Summary
BackgroundCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related fatalities among women globally. Implementing personalized follow-up strategies is crucial for effective prevention of cervical cancer. The present investigation sought to delineate risk factors associated with the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in patients undergoing colposcopy through an analysis of colposcopy indications and histopathological outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study included 394 patients aged 30–65 years who underwent colposcopy at Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between June 2022 and January 2025 due to high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) positivity, abnormal cervical cytology, or persistent clinical suspicion. The indications for colposcopy, histopathology results, and demographic characteristics such as age and smoking status were analyzed.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 44.5 ± 10.9 years. The primary indication for colposcopy was observed to be isolated HPV 16 positivity, which accounted for 28% (n = 112) of cases. Histopathological evaluation showed no cervical dysplasia in 47.3% (n = 186), CIN I in 34.5% (n = 136), CIN II–III in 17.7% (n = 70), and cervical carcinoma in 0.5% (n = 2). Isolated HPV 16 positivity remained a significant independent predictor of CIN II–III after adjustment for age and smoking status (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.388, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.387–4.112, p < 0.05).ConclusionsIsolated HPV 16 positivity was independently associated with an approximately 2.4-fold increase in the odds of CIN II–III after adjustment for age and smoking status. This finding reinforces the central role of HPV 16 in identifying women at higher risk for high-grade cervical dysplasia and supports its prioritization in risk-based colposcopy and follow-up strategies.