Lived experiences of obstetric anal sphincter injury among women from ethnically diverse backgrounds in the UK: a qualitative study

Background Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is a severe childbirth-related injury that can have significant physical, psychological and social consequences, with potentially lasting effects on women's quality of life. Understanding the lived experiences of ethnic minority women affected by OASI is important for improving the care and support provided to them. Aim This study explores the lived experiences of ethnic minority women with OASI in Leicester, UK, with a focus on their childbirth experiences, healthcare challenges, and the broader impact on their overall well-being. Methodology A focus group discussion (FGD) was held virtually with underrepresented women from Leicester who had experienced OASI in the past one to five years. The discussion was recorded and transcribed. Invitations to participate in the study were sent out via email through the local maternity and neonatal voices partnership in Leicester, UK. The data were analysed using the six-step thematic analysis approach by Braun and Clarke. Results Ten women from underrepresented groups identified several key themes such as childbirth experiences, complications and reflection, societal influence and childbirth choices, cultural silence, stigmatization, and mental health issues. The women reported feeling uninformed and unprepared about possible complications and risks such as third and fourth-degree tears, resulting in traumatic birthing experiences, aggravated by inadequate healthcare communication and support from healthcare providers. Conclusion There is the need for future research to integrate physical, physiological and mental health support, as well as sustained follow-up into OASIS care bundle. This will essentially support women's health and well-being during the perinatal period.