Cardiovascular Responses and Oxidative-Stress Biomarkers among Bakery Workers Exposed to Indoor Heat in Kano, Nigeria

Background

Bakery workers in Kano State, Nigeria, are routinely exposed to intense heat generated by continuous oven use in poorly ventilated environments. Occupational heat exposure may impose cardiovascular and thermoregulatory strain and influence redox balance. However, locally relevant evidence on acute physiological and oxidative responses among bakery workers in northern Nigeria remains limited.