Abstract / Summary
After its elimination from Mexico in 2003, myiasis caused by New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax, has recently reemerged as a public and animal health concern. We conducted a retrospective study of human New World screwworm myiasis cases reported through Mexico’s national surveillance system during April 13, 2025–March 14, 2026. Of 204 cases in official surveillance summaries, 202 had sufficient information for case-level clinical and epidemiologic analysis. Cases were concentrated in southern Mexico, particularly Chiapas, followed by Yucatán, Oaxaca, and Quintana Roo. Most (71.8%) cases occurred in men; mean patient age was 61.1 years. Lower limbs (55.0%) were the most frequently reported anatomic location, and 76.7% of patients had >1 concurrent condition. Six deaths were reported among patients with NWS myiasis; at the time of reporting, 1 death was attributed directly to NWS myiasis. Our findings support proactive clinical detection and integrated One Health surveillance along the expected northward spread of NWS.