Ultrasound-based diagnosis and management of vein of galen aneurysmal malformation in a neonate: A case report and comprehensive literature review

Background

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) represent a complex and rare subset of congenital arteriovenous anomalies, comprising approximately 30% of all pediatric cerebral vascular malformations. Originating during early embryogenesis between the 6th and 11th weeks of gestation, these lesions create a low-resistance, high-flow shunt. Consequently, they frequently precipitate life-threatening complications, most notably high-output heart failure and severe neurological compromise in the immediate postnatal period, necessitating prompt and accurate diagnostic strategies.