Enhanced recovery after surgery (eras) protocols and postoperative pain outcomes: A literature review of opioid-sparing analgesia in adult surgical patients

Background

Pain management is an integral part of recovery after surgical procedures and remains one of the key components of modern perioperative care. Opioid therapy is an effective method for alleviating moderate to severe postoperative pain and has traditionally been considered a cornerstone of perioperative analgesia. However, growing evidence suggests that opioid-based pain management is associated with numerous adverse effects. In response to these concerns, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols were introduced to optimize perioperative care and reduce the physiological stress response associated with surgical procedures.