Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi dan Potensi Interaksi Obat pada Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas X Kabupaten Kudus

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with a high prevalence in Indonesia and often requires polypharmacy, which may increase the risk of potential drug interactions. This study aimed to identify patterns of antihypertensive drug use and potential drug interactions among hypertensive patients at Community Health Center X, Kudus Regency. This observational study used a retrospective cohort approach. Data were collected from the medical records of hypertensive patients from January to October 2025. A total of 171 patients were selected using purposive sampling based on the Slovin formula. The inclusion criteria were patients with primary or secondary hypertension, comorbidities, receipt of four medications in one treatment period, and complete medical records, while patients aged under 18 years, those with mental disorders, and pregnancy-induced hypertension were excluded. Potential drug interactions were analyzed using the Drugs.com Interaction Checker, and antihypertensive treatment patterns were evaluated based on the 2021 Indonesian Society of Hypertension (PERHI) Consensus. The results showed that antihypertensive therapy was predominantly monotherapy, with amlodipine 10 mg as the most frequently prescribed drug, consistent with the 2021 PERHI Consensus recommendation as a first-line therapy. Potential drug interactions were identified in 71.79% of prescriptions. Moderate interactions predominated (52.84%), while pharmacodynamic interactions were the most common mechanism (74.19%). The most frequent potential interactions involved antihypertensive drugs and NSAIDs, whereas the most common major potential interactions were amlodipine–simvastatin and captopril–allopurinol combinations. In conclusion, antihypertensive therapy was predominantly monotherapy, while a high prevalence of potential drug interactions, particularly moderate interactions with pharmacodynamic mechanisms, was identified.