Criopreservación espermática: herramienta clave para la reproducción asistida y conservación de especies

Cryopreservation is emerging as a biotechnology that enables the preservation of viable genetic material for an indefinite period (months or years). This is achieved by freezing at extremely low temperatures (-196 ºC), which causes a reduction in cellular metabolism to a stage of inactivity. Once the sample is thawed, it can be used to carry out in vitro or assisted fertilization. For this reason, it is considered a key tool for the reproduction and conservation of species of commercial or biological interest. This article reviews sperm cryopreservation as a key tool in reproductive biology, advances and challenges in science, as well as its limitations.