Incidence and determinants of acute kidney injury in hospitalised children with nephrotic syndrome: A prospective observational study

Objectives

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and clinically important complication in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS), contributing to increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalisation and risk of progression to chronic kidney disease. Data on the incidence and determinants of AKI in paediatric NS, particularly from low- and middle-income settings, remain limited. The study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of AKI among hospitalised children with NS. Material and Methods: This cohort-based observational study included children aged 1–14 years with NS admitted to a tertiary care centre between January 2023 and June 2024. AKI was defined and staged according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. NS subtypes were classified as per the Indian Society of Paediatric Nephrology guidelines. Clinical characteristics, NS phenotype, steroid responsiveness, inter current infections and exposure to nephrotoxic medications were prospectively recorded. Factors associated with AKI were evaluated using univariate analysis followed by multivariable logistic regression.