Self-Reported Allergy Incidence and Allergy Trigger Risk Factors Among Senior High School Students in Lombok

Background: Allergy is an immune-mediated response to harmless substances (allergens) that may trigger hypersensitivity reactions. Data regarding allergic conditions among adolescents in Lombok Island remains limited. This study aimed to determine the incidence of self-reported allergies and identify risk factors for allergy triggers among senior high school students in Lombok.Methods: This cross-sectional study included adolescents aged 15–18 years, with parents or guardians as respondents. A two-stage cluster sampling method was used to select sub-districts and senior high schools. Data was collected using structured questionnaires that had been previously validated, administered both online and offline. Data were analyzed using Jamovi version 2.7.24. Descriptive statistics were used for univariate analysis, the Chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis, and logistic regression was performed for multivariate analysis.Results: A total of 206 subjects from four senior high schools across Lombok Island participated in the study, and most were female (74.27%). The incidence of self-reported allergy was 47.09%, whereas 19.90% had doctor-confirmed allergy. Among subjects with self-reported allergies, 20.87% reported a family history of allergic conditions. Pet ownership was reported by 46.60% of the subjects. The most common allergy triggers were food (37.11%), house dust mites (18.56%), and temperature changes (17.53%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were urticaria (52.63%) and allergic rhinitis (30.70%). The Chi-square test showed significant relationships between allergy incidence and both family history of allergy (p < 0.001) and pet ownership (p = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that subjects with a family history of allergy had a significantly higher risk of reporting allergy than those without a family history of allergy (OR 4.83; 95% CI 2.40–9.73; p < 0.001). Similarly, subjects who owned pets had a significantly higher risk of allergy than those who did not own pets (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.06–3.48; p = 0.031).Conclusion: Allergic diseases represent a substantial burden among adolescents in Lombok. Food-related allergens, particularly seafood and food additives, as well as house dust mites, were the most reported triggers. Family history of allergies and pet ownership were significant factors contributing to allergy incidence.