Evaluation of Immunological Markers, Thyroid Hormones, and Lipid Profiles in Patients with Hyperthyroidism

In nations with enough iodine, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is thot to be between 0.2 and 2.5% worldwide. About 0.2–1.4% of people have overt hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by low thyroid stimulating hormone TSH and increased triiodothyronine T3 and/or free thyroxine T4. In this study, we investigated the biochemical alterations, immunological markers, and lipid profile changes associated with hyperthyroidism, and to evaluate their distribution across different age and gender subgroup. Blood samples were collected from 50 hyperthyroid patients and 25 healthy individuals (control group) aged between 15 and 60 years of both sexes. Comparative analyses between the two groups included the determination of thyroid hormones thyroxine T4, triiodothyronine T3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH, immunological markers thyroid peroxidase TPO, thyroglobulin Tg, and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies TRAb, and lipid profiles (cholesterol TC, triglycerides TG, and very low-density lipoprotein VLDL). The results demonstrated a significant increase in serum T4 and T3 levels, accompanied by a significant decrease in TSH levels in patients compared to the control group. Additionally, a marked elevation in TPO activity and TRAb levels was observed alongside a decrease in Tg levels in hyperthyroid patients. The lipid profile of the patient group revealed a significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL levels compared to healthy controls. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by marked hormonal, immunological, and lipid profile alterations that vary significantly across different demographic subgroups, highlighting the need for age- and gender-tailored clinical management.