Population-Level Co-Distribution and Spatiotemporal Burden Trends of Endometriosis and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Among Reproductive-Age Women in Europe, 1990–2023: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2023

Background

Endometriosis (EM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are two prevalent endocrine-related gynecological conditions with shared pathophysiological pathways, yet their population-level burden patterns and socioeconomic correlates across Europe remain unclear. This study examines the geographic overlap in population-level disease burden patterns of EM and PCOS (hereafter referred to as ecological co-distribution), which does not represent individual-level comorbidity.