Genetically Predicted IgG N-Glycosylation Traits and Risk of Pre-Eclampsia or Eclampsia: A Two-Sample and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study

Background

Maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been implicated in placental and vascular dysfunction across pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. While clinical evidence supports the relevance of IgG-mediated immune regulation, whether specific IgG N-glycosylation traits—which critically regulate IgG concentration and effector function—are associated with the combined outcome of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia remains unclear.