Abstract / Summary
Abstract Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition affecting aging men, leading to bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment option. While particle embolization is widely used, the application of liquid embolic agents in PAE, particularly in the Vietnamese context, remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of PAE using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in patients with BPH. Methods This two-center, prospective, observational study included 69 patients with symptomatic BPH undergoing PAE with NBCA. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters were collected at baseline and at the 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits. Primary outcomes included changes in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life (QoL) score, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and prostate volume. Secondary outcomes included changes in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, post-void residual urine volume (PVR), procedural parameters (procedure time, fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, dose-area product, use of cone-beam CT [CBCT], and use of coils), and complication rate. Paired t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Results Significant improvements were observed in IPSS, QoL, prostate volume, PSA, and PVR at both 3 and 6 months post-procedure (all p < 0.001). Mean IPSS decreased from 22.2 ± 7.0 at baseline to 8.0 ± 4.1 at 3 months and 7.3 ± 4.5 at 6 months. The clinical success rate was 97.1%. Complications, predominantly minor (Clavien-Dindo grade 1 or 2), occurred in 58.0% of patients. Conclusion PAE using NBCA is a safe and effective treatment for BPH, leading to significant and sustained improvements in LUTS, QoL, prostate volume, and PSA levels, with a favorable safety profile.