Abstract / Summary
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the face and content validity, preliminary known-groups validity evidence, and task workload of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed simulator for transurethral enucleation of the prostate (TUEP) incorporating continuous simulated vascular flow and laser hemostasis. Methods In this prospective single-center validation study, six less-experienced and six expert urologists each completed one standardized simulated TUEP using a 60-g prostate model. Face validity was assessed using 7-point ratings, and content relevance using 4-point ratings and content validity indices (CVIs). Objective procedural performance was compared between experience groups, and task workload was explored using a modified NASA Task Load Index–based questionnaire. Results Overall realism was rated 5.50 (5.00–6.00). All eight educational-content items achieved an I-CVI of 1.00, with S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA both 1.00. Experts had shorter enucleation times than less-experienced participants (34.50 ± 3.02 vs 45.67 ± 5.24 min; p = 0.001) and shorter vascular-management and laser-hemostasis times (3.83 ± 0.75 vs 7.67 ± 2.34 min; p = 0.009). Several workload dimensions also differed between groups. Conclusion The simulator demonstrated favorable face and content validity, while selected objective performance measures provided preliminary known-groups validity evidence. Its ability to reproduce simulated bleeding and laser hemostasis may support early-stage structured TUEP training, although longitudinal studies are required to establish learning effects and clinical transfer.