Impact of Parks Cool Island Effect on Urban Heat Islands and Public Health on Jabalpur City (2015 - 2025)

Abstract Unpredictive growth of urbanization and resultant urban expansion is a commonly observes phenomenon in the contemporary world. Asphalt, concrete, and buildings infrastructural materials of cities has become obstacle in the balancing of heat budget of cities for the result of temperatures in these cities can climb 2–10°C higher than in nearby rural areas known as an urban heat island (UHI). This study (2015–2025)assesses the thermal dynamics and cooling potential of 14 major urban parks in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Using Landsat 8(OLI/TIRS) satellite imagery, this study analyzed land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to calculate park cooling island (PCI) effect. The urban green spaces especially parks on significant as they negotiate the UHI. The study reveal that in 2020, urban parks significantly reduced summer peak heat, with temperatures in May decreasing by up to 8°C at urban 44.31°C and at parks is 36.36°C. However the analysis of data of 2015 and 2025 indicates the same trends in cooling effectiveness. The correlation between park size and PCI has noticed from 0.664 in 2020 to 0.435 in 2025. With the providing thermal comfort urban green parks are able to improve public health. Various kind of physical and recreational activities are beneficial for mental health as well as physical public health. The findings of the correlation indicate geographical relative location is the major determinant rather than size of urban green parks for produce cooling intensity. This study highlights the crucial need for strategic urban planning and eco-friendly infrastructure.