Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises During Pregnancy and Thepostnatal Period in Selected Maternity Hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) represents a significant yet under recognised health challenge affecting reproductive-age women globally, including those in Saudi Arabia. Although pelvic floor muscle training has demonstrated substantial clinical benefits, the knowledge determinants and receptivity among Saudi women remain poorly understood. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices regarding pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) among pregnant and postpartum women attending maternity hospitals in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and identified correlates of knowledge. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2026 with 410 women recruited from outpatient departments of two maternity hospitals. Data were collected using a validated, self-administered Arabic questionnaire comprising sociodemographic variables, obstetric history, knowledge items, attitude scales, and practice patterns. Good knowledge was defined as scoring 60% or higher on the knowledge assessment scale. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of good knowledge. Results Overall, 32.9% of participants demonstrated good knowledge, revealing substantial informational gaps. While participants expressed generally positive attitudes toward PFME benefits, specific knowledge regarding correct technique, timing, and targeted musculature was notably deficient. Primary information sources were internet/social media (36.3%), while 39.5% reported no information source whatsoever. Only one-quarter of participants (25.1%) practiced PFME regularly. Higher education independently predicted better knowledge (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–3.59). Bowel movement problems (AOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28–0.63) and moderate-to-severe lower abdominal pain (AOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.93) were associated with poorer knowledge. Good knowledge was strongly associated with regular practice (AOR 23.99, 95% CI 13.18–43.67). Conclusions A significant knowledge-practice gap exists despite favourable attitudes. Systematic educational transformation during antenatal and postnatal care, enhanced provider engagement, culturally appropriate resources, and structured curricula are urgently needed to address this public health concern.