Abstract / Summary
Abstract Cardiovascular and neurological disease together impose one of the largest preventable disease burdens in India, yet every application-specific integrated circuit used in the cardiac and neurological monitoring devices sold domestically is currently imported. This paper presents CardioNeural-SoC, an indigenous, mixed-signal System-on-Chip architecture designed to consolidate a 4-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) front-end, a 2-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) front-end, a photoplethysmography (PPG) interface, a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter array, a RISC-V-based digital signal processing core with hardware accelerators for arrhythmia and seizure-onset classification, an AES-128-secured Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE 5.3) interface, and an ultra-low-power management unit onto a single 28 nm CMOS die. We report the system-level architecture, the full register-transfer-level (RTL) functional verification of the integrated design (a 9-test-case regression covering multi-channel ECG acquisition, multi-rate clock generation, ADC/DAC sequencing, arrhythmia classification, on-chip AES-128 encryption, and BLE transmit/power-gating handshakes, all of which passed), and gate-level synthesis results for the discrete-wavelet-transform-based sub-band energy feature extractor (layer1_top) that feeds the on-chip classification accelerators. Post-synthesis results for this block show 21,703 standard-cell instances (299,895 µm² total cell area), zero-slack timing closure on the dominant accumulator path at a 200 MHz reference period, and an estimated total power of 46.06 mW dominated by sequential register switching (74.8% of total power). The full chip-level netlist comprises seven hierarchical modules and approximately 129,000 leaf cells. We further present an import-substitution and commercialization analysis indicating an addressable Indian market of approximately ₹427 crore/year in currently imported monitoring ICs across five device segments. All reported quantitative results in this paper are simulation- and synthesis-stage findings; no silicon has yet been fabricated, and the design has not undergone post-silicon or clinical characterization.