Prevalence of Depression and Associated Factors Among Patients at the Dialysis Center of Al-Thawra General Hospital in Ibb Governorate, Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background Depression is a prevalent psychiatric comorbidity among patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD), significantly impairing quality of life and increasing morbidity and mortality. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients at the dialysis centre of Al-Thawra General Hospital in Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2025 and March 2026 and included 264 patients recruited from the Dialysis Centre at Al-Thawra General Hospital in Ibb Governorate via convenience sampling. Depression was assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and data were analysed using SPSS version 27.0. Results The overall prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) was 59.1%. Severity distribution revealed moderate depression in 40.9%, mild in 22.7%, and moderately severe in 13.3%. Significant associations were observed with female sex ( P < 0.001), marital status ( P = 0.001), education ( P < 0.001), employment status ( P < 0.001), smoking status ( P < 0.001), family history of renal failure ( P < 0.001), hypertension ( P = 0.020), and diabetes mellitus ( P = 0.001). Logistic regression identified female sex (aOR = 0.416), uneducated status (aOR = 7.526), secondary education (aOR = 5.979), and family history of renal failure (aOR = 2.560) as significant predictors. Conclusion These findings underscore the necessity of routine psychological screening and the integration of psychiatric personnel into haemodialysis care to enable early detection and intervention, thereby optimising patient outcomes and quality of life.