Systemic Immune-Inflammation Indices Across the Albuminuria Spectrum in Type 2 Diabetes: Limited Diagnostic Utility in High-Normal Albuminuria

Background

and objectives: Systemic inflammation has been implicated in diabetic kidney disease; however, the relationship between composite inflammatory indices and high-normal albuminuria remains unclear. This study investigated the associations of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) with albuminuria across its spectrum, particularly within the high-normal range, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).