The Vitamin D–Multiple Sclerosis Paradox in the Arabian Gulf: A Critical Synthesis of Lifestyle Transition, Genetic Susceptibility, and Gene–Environment Interactions

Background

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) populations combine intense ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation with widespread hypovitaminosis D and multiple sclerosis (MS) burden. We examine this Arabian Gulf vitamin D–MS paradox as an exposure–biology–inference problem rather than a single causal pathway.