Ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. prevents neuronal apoptosis in an in vitro Parkinson’s model (PC-12 cells) mediated by upregulation of ChAT and BDNF

Rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC-12 is a well-known cell model for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is characterized by damage to and dysfunction of the central nervous system. Ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum (EEOS) is derived from the basil plant. O. sanctum contains various bioactive compounds, including phenols and flavonoids, which possess significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective potential of EEOS in a cellular model of PD. The methods included nuclear analysis using Hoechst 33342, cell viability and proliferation assays using MTT and CCK-8, respectively, analysis of BDNF and ChAT concentrations using ELISA, and in silico analysis of the interactions among quercetin, levodopa, and α-synuclein. Dose-dependent effects were observed within the tested concentration range (50, 75, and 100 μg/mL). EEOS prevented apoptosis and maintained cell viability at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, while increasing cell proliferation and BDNF and ChAT levels at a concentration of 75 μg/mL. EEOS demonstrated neuroprotective properties against neurodegenerative changes in PC-12 cells, as indicated by the upregulation of BDNF and ChAT, suggesting its potential as an alternative agent for PD prevention.