Comparison of Survival Between Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Beyond the “Up-to-7” Criterion Who Received Adjuvant PD-1 Inhibitors or Active Surveillance: A Target Trial Emulation Study

The IMbrave050 trial suggested that adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy may benefit patients with hepatocellular carcinoma exceeding the “up-to-7” criterion. This study aimed to compare survival outcomes and safety between such patients receiving adjuvant programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors and those undergoing active surveillance after curative resection.