Abstract / Summary
Effective evaluation, documentation, and management of eye diseases require robust visualization of the peripheral posterior segment. However, currently available portable fundus cameras offer restricted fields of view (FOV). Conversely, benchtop fundus cameras and scanning laser ophthalmoscopes (SLOs) offer a wide FOV but lack portability, incur high capital costs, and require strict patient cooperation, limiting their utility in emergency care, intraoperative monitoring, and remote screening. To address these limitations, we present a handheld, nonmydriatic, multispectral fundus camera capable of capturing a 200° eye angle (143° visual angle) single-shot FOV using trans-pars-planar illumination. By integrating two visible and two near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, we can selectively image biomarkers and structures situated across the full depth of the posterior segment. Furthermore, the extreme periphery of the posterior segment could be reached with gentle rotational scanning. Supported by an integrated embedded computing and display module, the device operates completely standalone and is immediately deployable in clinics. This portable imager promises an affordable solution for dilation-free, high-quality pan-retinal assessment, with the potential to expand access to advanced posterior eye diagnostics in emergency departments, operating rooms, and teleophthalmology settings.